中世纪欧洲是怎么处理像是希腊神话这种影响深远的异端信仰的？ - 知乎

　　英雄部分没有什么矛盾点，大家继续用得好好的，参见这个回答：中世纪的人是怎么看待罗马神话的？

　　诸神部分最主要的两个改造方式是哲学化（将神的事迹看做自然现象的寓言）和历史化（就是说这些神原本都是人，只是古人因为他们的功绩把他们当做了神，此即所谓Euhemerism；历史化中常常伴随理性化，即认为超自然的情节也是某种隐喻，并将其重塑成符合现实的版本）

　　例如这样：• first, Jove as fire: this is why he is called Zeus in Greek – Zeus in Greek can mean either life [zen] or heat [zein – to seethe, boil], either because they mean that all animate things have vital fire, as Heraclitus holds, or because this element is hot;• second, Juno as air, which is why she is called Era in Greek; and although they ought to have made air masculine, nevertheless she is the sister of Jove for this reason, that these two elements are very much associated with each other, so she is the wife of Jove too, because air, when it is wedded with fire, blazes.Fulgentius, Mythologiae 1.3[1]

　　又如这样：(1) Those whom pagans declare to be gods are revealed once to have been men, and, in line with each one’s life and achievements, they began to be worshipped after their death amongst their own people – like Isis among the Egyptians, Jupiter amongst the Cretans . . . (9) amongst the Greeks Cecrops . . . was the first to call upon Jupiter, discover statues, set up altars, sacrifice victims, when that sort of thing was unheard of in Greece. . . . (34) Jove is named after helping [juvando] and Jupiter is the sort of helping father [juvans pater], i.e. there for everyone. They also gave him the personal title of Jove Optimus [best], despite the fact that he committed incest with his family and sexual outrages on others. (35) They sometimes depict him as a bull because of the abduction of Europa – he was in a ship whose sign was a bull; sometimes he is supposed to have sought congress with Danae through golden rain – so you can understand that the virtue of a woman has been corrupted by gold; sometimes in the form of an eagle because he snatched a boy to abuse him.Isidore, Origines 8.11[2]

　　参考文献：

　　Ken Dowden. (2006). Zeus. London. （pp.117-128讲述了宙斯/朱庇特在基督教时期的情况）

　　（强答完毕）

　　别中世纪欧洲了，就古典时代的罗马学校都不把神话当真的。

　　当coille不仅仅是coille，朱庇特当然可以阉割萨图尔努斯。

　　梗来自于一部很有名的寓言/罗曼 (;

　　不过正如别的答主提到的，把神话理解为浪漫化的历史或者哲学寓言在古典希腊的时候就有了。

　　把帕特农神庙变成教堂（

　　当然宗教势力失势后帕特农神庙又“重获新生”了（指直接把中世纪教堂铲平）

　　古典多神教的信仰应该是异教而非异端。

　　古代多神教信仰的痕迹一直残存在基督教的土地上，在地方甚至潜移默化地改变着基督教本身的面貌。基督教改造着各地人民的生活，而各地人民的各种习俗同样也在改造着基督教的教义。基督教没有完全渗透到普通民众中去，异教节日也并没有被消灭，有些异教节日甚至影响了基督教的教义。

　　教士们大多把古代的神明当做愚昧无知者的迷信，一些文化人把则描写古代神明当成自己炫耀古典知识的一种手段。

　　布列塔尼人纪尧姆在其《菲利普•奥古斯都史诗》中描写布汶之战时，为了展示自己的古典文学功底，把希腊的战斗女神帕拉斯请上了舞台。